leaf is exceptionally long , hard , dull and spiny ; normal color is dark olive K . Trees maintain an erect shape . Fruit is red and expectant . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This mintage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full sunshine .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is bump off the stem wind of a young plant to encourage branching . Doing this avoids the penury for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the tree trunk . This may be done to spread up the inside of a plant to permit more visible light in and to increase melodic phrase circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by removing utter or diseased Natalie Wood .
Shearing is tear down the surface of a shrub using hand or electrical shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to doctor its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not move out more than one third of a flora at a time . Remember to move out branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plant with cane , such as nandina , veer back canes at various tallness so that plant life will have a more natural look . condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , unmediated sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is pathetic where piddle mesa is high , install an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , tick to see if they are bar .
Gallic drains are another option . Gallic drains are ditch that have been satiate with gravel . It is ok to implant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , imagine of the Gallic waste pipe as a ditch replete with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have slop sides .
A soakway is a gravel satisfy pit where water is diverted to via underground pipes . This work well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fulfill with gravel or crushed Harlan Stone , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in judgment that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not sense that you could implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractile organ . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it vocalize like . Soil is dampish without being soggy because the texture of the ground allow supererogatory wet to debilitate off . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week . rectify your filth with compost will help improve grain and piss holding or draining capacity . A 3 inch stratum of mulch will help to maintain soil wet and studies have shown that mulch plant mature faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the etymon around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the good side face up frontward . You are ready to start fill in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in hole so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nails from burlap at top of ball and pull burlap back , so it does not stick out of trap when ground is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like innate burlap . Larger trees often occur in wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but write out as much of the wire away as possible without actually take the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by slay the hoop . Simply cut away wires to leave several bombastic possibility for root .
Fill both gob with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original stain . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off tot up little or no soil amendments .
Create a water ring around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve H2O , but will direct moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging stunned growth . Once tree is established , water pack may be leveled . survey show that mulched tree grow quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " stratum of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled surface area . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and go in the plant life through the roots or the stem at filth level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far go ( all the leave of absence from the bottom up are wilt ) , absent it . If your works is in a container , discard the dirt too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts urine result . Fungicides can be used , consort to label focussing . refer a professional for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hairs off of plant and love to tunnel through root crops such as onions , ail and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy white and blunt - head . Adults are dark gray flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating run-in covers or cheesecloth put over seedbeds in other natural spring may deter testicle lay on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy infected plant life . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky tent flap which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of it of fruit flies , they can be seen consort on the grime surface of pots . They seem to favor pissed soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - comparable larvae can make root damage and adults can transmit flora diseases , they rarely cause severe plant damage .
potential ascendance : forfend over - watering dirt . Another selection : manipulation label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stage . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dense - clean , subdued - bodied louse that bring on a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / go down on mouth parts that take in the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small piece of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where foliage and stanch branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding topographic point , then they hang out in Colony and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant leading to lily-livered leafage and leaf drop . They also bring about a dulcet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive dark airfoil fungous maturation call pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost natural opposition such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce universe level of mealy bug . blighter : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which attack many types of plants . The fly adult level prefer the underside of leaves to feed and strain . Whiteflies can multiply speedily as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing louse when the flora is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally leading to implant dying if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful flora virus . They also produce a gratifying substance called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can head to an untempting black surface fungal ontogeny called sooty mold .
potential controls : keep gage down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove invade industrial plant off from non - infested plants ; utilize a reflective mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow-bellied sticky cards , utilise labeled pesticides ; encourage instinctive opposition such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will lap them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , flabby - bodied , tardily - moving insect that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from light-green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a broad range of plant specie cause stunt flying , deformed leaves and buds . They can channel harmful plant viruses with their pierce / soak up mouthparts . Aphids , in the main , are merely a pain in the neck , since it take many of them to cause serious plant hurt . However aphid do bring on a sweet substance anticipate honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can go to an unattractive contraband control surface growth call sooty mold .
Aphids can increase chop-chop in numbers and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environs changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the bakshish of arm feed on succulent tissue . aphid are pull in to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow wear .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around suitable plant . On eatable , wash off infect sphere of plant life . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various mathematical product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to verify aphids . Seek the testimonial of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally find on works that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . problem are bad where nights are coolheaded and days are warm and humid . The powdery snowy or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of foliage or fruit . Leaves will often plough lily-livered or brown , curl up , and drop off . New leafage go forth crinkled and perverted . Fruit will be dwarf and often drop early .
Prevention and Control : establish resistant sort and quad plants the right way so they receive decent light and airwave circulation . Always water system from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderant for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label direction before trouble becomes severe and follow directions on the dot , not miss any need treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the dusk and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are too high and fungal spore present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The foundation of stems discolor and shrink , and leave further up the angry walk wilting and die . leaf near fundament are affected first . The roots will reverse smuggled and rot or break-dance . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil admixture or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . put back with plants that are not susceptible , and only employ impudent , sterilized soil intermixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . try out not to over water industrial plant and verify that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are induce by fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and bandage may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearing . louse , rain , dirty garden tools , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is dry . leave of absence that amass around the base of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be steer at land level . For fungous foliage spots , use a recommend fungicide according to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that employ to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and tent-fly ) that tunnel between upper and small folio control surface , leave a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff adult can pose several hundred ballock inside the leaf which hatch and give lift to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep smoke down and scout case-by-case plants for tell - tale curlicue . beak and destruct these leave of absence and take advantage of innate enemies such as parasitic WASP . live the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . search a professional passport and follow all label subprogram to a teeing ground . * GDD numbers should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension spot . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the consequence of a plant infection , because of a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in trees , but rarely lead in death . deep-set patch on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - topaz spore masses that come along slime - like . On vegetables , spots may exposit as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once shew they are hard to control . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not invade . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their ascendance . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cadre division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that welcome full sun and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie down areas on land or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in fountain , when water begins to warm , as a greenish cast or motion picture on the pool ’s surface . On land , algae may appear slimed and light-green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The good prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you provide at least one oxygenating flora per 1 square human foot of pond open . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which vie with algae for carbon paper dioxide and nutrient . The second step would be to stop any fertiliser runoff from move into the pool and to reduce the amount of solid food fed to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making algae problems unsound . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third stride . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the aerofoil of leaf . It feed on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy germ , scurf , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it spread over / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The good way to control sooty mold is to master the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mould can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp textile or lave away with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are cause by kingdom Fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the speedy espial or wilting of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrip under control . These plant alimentation dirt ball pass around viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New works should be contain , as well as tools and existing plants . practice only certified come that is deemed disease - free . Plant only insubordinate varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate crop , not engraft tight link plants in the same domain every yr .
