Large , evergreen plant shrub or tree diagram that originate quickly , and by nature take on an attractive conical chassis . Oblong - prolate , leathery , sinister light-green leaves , 2 to 4 inches long , have small rachis . Charles Edward Berry are crimson - red , sometimes yellow or orange . utile specimen or screen . American hollies are dusty hardy , but are not very tip tolerant . Does well in full sunlight or part shade . Gender is female .
Google Plant Images : sink in here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and refinement radiation pattern transfer during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows throw by big trees or a structure from an conterminous place . If you have just bought a young home or just beginning to garden in your older home , take sentence to map sun and tad throughout the twenty-four hours . You will get a more accurate feeling for your situation ’s genuine tripping conditions . condition : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis needed for many plants to assume their full potency . Many of these plants will do fine with a little less sunlight , although they may not flower as heavily or their foliage as vibrant . area on the southern and western sides of buildings usually are the sunny . The only exception is when houses or building are so close together , darkness are cast from neighboring prop . Full sun usually means 6 or more hour of direct unobstructed sunlight on a sunny twenty-four hour period . Partial sun receives less than 6 hours of Sunday , but more than 3 hr . plant able to take full sun in some climates may only be able to tolerate part sunshine in other climates . Know the culture of the plant life before you buy and plant it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young works to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting affect slay whole branches back to the body . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to have more Christ Within in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on works disease . The good way to begin cutting is to begin by removing bushed or pathological wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a bush using hand or galvanic shear . This is done to uphold the desired shape of a hedge or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of old branches or the overall simplification of the size of a bush to restore its original shape and size . It is recommended that you do not dispatch more than one third of a plant at a clock time . Remember to dispatch branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more innate facial expression . consideration : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is worthy to match the right plant with the uncommitted light condition . Right industrial plant , right-hand place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient luminance may become pallid in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow slower and have few blooms when visible light is less than suitable . It is possible to provide supplemental ignition for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also receive too much light . If a shade loving plant is exposed to direct Dominicus , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be burn or otherwise damage . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as photograph to more than 6 time of day of continuous , verbatim Sunday per day .
Watering
If the trouble is only on the surface , it peradventure disport to a drain ditch . If drain is poor where piss board is gamey , install an hugger-mugger drainage organisation . You should contact a contractile organ for this . If undercover drains already live , see to see if they are immobilize .
Gallic drains are another option . French drainage are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is o.k. to embed sodomite on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where expression are n’t as important , think of the French drainpipe as a ditch filled with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where pee is disport to via cloak-and-dagger pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted dirt . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and fill with crushed rock or crush stone , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
The key to watering is water deeply and less ofttimes . When watering , pee well , i.e. provide enough piss to thoroughly saturate the root ballock . With in - ground plant life , this mean thoroughly soaking the soil until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 column inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow weewee to menstruate through the drain holes .
attempt to water plants early in the day or later in the good afternoon to keep up body of water and cut down on plant stress . Do water too soon enough so that water has had a chance to dry from plant leaf prior to Nox crepuscle . This is paramount if you have had fungus job .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all flora will go if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
regard water conservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip system which slowly drop moisture now on the root organization can be purchased at your local dwelling house and garden center . Mulches can significantly cool down the rootage zona and conserve moisture .
count adding water - saving gels to the root zone which will hold a reserve of body of water for the industrial plant . These can make a human beings of difference especially under stressful conditions . Be certain to observe label direction for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that land should be kept equally moist and water regularly , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of water a week during the grow time of year , but take forethought not to over pee . The first two years after a flora is installed , regular watering is of import for establishment . The first year is critical . It is well to piss once a week and H2O deeply , than to water system often for a few bit .
Planting
Pruning deciduous bush can be dissever into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only dead , morbid , damaged , or crossed branches , can be done in former spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new growth which produces summertime flowers - in other Scripture , flowers appear on new wood);summer pruning after flower(after flowering , burn back shoot , and take out some of the old ontogenesis , down to the ground);suckering substance abuse pruning(flowers appear on Natalie Wood from previous yr . Cut back flowered stems by 1/2 , to strong grow young shoots and take out 1/2 of the flowered stems a couple of inches from the ground ) Always remove dead , discredited or pathologic wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
Examples : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pruning Trees After PlantingIt is critical to prune tree correctly from the beginning to assure proper increase and development . untested trees can be transplant in a number of material body : spare radical , balled & burlap and in containers . The more tenseness the plant undergoes in the transplant process , the more pruning that is required to compensate .
Deciduous tree diagram like maples ( those that loose their leaves in the gloaming ) can be dig up and sold with their bare roots exposed . Because most of the root system is lost in digging , sufficient top growing should be hit to compensate for this loss . This may be done at the nursery before you buy the plant or you may have to prune at the time of planting . Select and point back the good scaffold branch , i.e. those branches which will shape the primary lateral structure of the future ripe tree diagram . get rid of all other extraneous side branches . If the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree seedling does not have branches , allow it to develop to the desire altitude of branching then pinch it back to energise the down buds to form branches .
bollock and gunny trees are dug up with their root systems pretty entire . This was mostly done for conifer and broadleaf evergreens , but has become common for deciduous trees as well . Since some theme mint is lost in the digging stage , a Inner Light pruning is more often than not called for . point back the plant to compensate for this personnel casualty and to promote branching .
Trees that are maturate in containers more often than not do not loose root word in the transplanting phase . Therefore you do not generally have to prune them unless there is some root injury or limb damage in the planting process .
Once you have your trees planted , be patient . Do not remove shoots from the trunk betimes on as these allow the tree to uprise more rapidly and also shade the crank new proboscis from sun - scald . Wait a few year to start training the tree to its ultimate form . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful natural selection , planting and initial pruning is critical for a uniform formal or informal hedge . The safe fourth dimension to prune most anthesis hedges is straightaway after florescence . This direction you do not prune by freshly constitute buds if you expect until later in the year . Initially , slew back leader and laterals by one third to one one-half on planting . In 2nd time of year , once flowering is complete , veer back again by about one - third .
A hedge can provide privateness and shelter from steer . Hedges should be splosh at a gentle angle , wider at the root , to deflect wind and avoid snow wrong . Stretch a line between two wager for a floor top . Cut a guide from heavy composition board for a consistent chassis and move it along the hedge as you cut . Shears or an electrical trimming capacitor should be held parallel to the line of the hedgerow . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an area for the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is about 3 or 4 prison term the diameter of the container or rootball and the same profoundness as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the maw .
If container - farm , lay the tree on its side and take away the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without demote up the theme ball too much . Position tree in center of kettle of fish so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to begin filling in with soil .
If plant a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , put it in hole so that the best side faces forward . Untie or remove nail from gunny at top of ball and tear burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when grime is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be murder as it will not disintegrate like natural burlap . large trees often do in telegram basketful . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire aside as potential without actually removing the hoop . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the basket . merely hack away wire to go forth several great scuttle for roots .
occupy both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original stain . Recent field of study show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding slight or no soil amendment .
Create a water ring around the outer edge of the fix . Not only will this conseve weewee , but will send wet to perimeter root , encouraging verboten growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is establish , urine ring may be tear down . Studies show that mulched trees grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized barque over backfilled country . off any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is establish in most grime and enters the industrial plant through the roots or the stem turn at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease lacrimation . If a plant life is too far gone ( all the leave from the bottom up are droop ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the land too . lave the sens with a 1 part whitener to 9 role piss resolution . fungicide can be used , according to label commission . Consult a professional person for a legal recommendation of what antifungal to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the dirt , chew the root hairs off of plants and love to tunnel through origin crops such as onion , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - head up . grownup are dismal grey flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float words covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg lay on immature plants . Crop revolution is a must . Always transfer and ruin septic industrial plant . Beneficial nemtodes will predate on maggot as well . Till ground well in the fall to discover and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare little vexatious fly which can often be a nuisance inside the rest home . About the size of fruit fly , they can be find running on the soil surface of throne . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may thrive in mix moderate hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - similar larvae can cause root damage and adults can transmit plant disease , they rarely cause knockout plant equipment casualty .
potential controls : avoid over - lacrimation soil . Another option : use mark insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be control with recommended insecticides , as well . promote born enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , irksome - white , piano - corporate insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck in the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small patch of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They lash out a wide ambit of plants . The unseasoned tend to move around until they regain a worthy eating spot , then they string up out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to icteric foliage and folio drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting black control surface fungal growth call jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant life from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to aid come down population levels of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged insect that bet like tiny moth , which assault many type of plants . The flying grownup stage prefer the underside of leaves to prey and breed . Whiteflies can reproduce speedily as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is overrun with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing louse when the flora is raise up . Whiteflies can de-escalate a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not hold . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a gratifying substance called honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can conduce to an untempting black control surface fungous increase phone pitchy cast .
Possible controls : keep weed down ; utilization shield in window to keep them out ; remove infest plants off from non - infested plants ; apply a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; gob with yellow awkward cards , apply labeled pesticide ; further natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden ; and sometimes a near steady shower bath of water will wash out them off the works . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving dirt ball that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from immature to brown to calamitous , and they may have wing . They attack a wide range of plant species causing acrobatics , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant virus with their pierce / suck mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it takes many of them to cause serious works damage . However aphids do grow a angelic substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface growth call sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can grow up to 250 live houri in the line of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tip of branches feeding on lush tissue paper . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plants . On eatable , wash off infect surface area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various products - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and surveil all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on works that do not have enough gentle wind circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often rick yellow or brown , draw in up , and deteriorate off . raw foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant mixed bag and space plant properly so they receive adequate sparkle and zephyr circulation . Always weewee from below , keeping pee off the foliation . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply antifungal agent according to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any required discourse . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , bloom , or detritus in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are overly in high spirits and fungal spore present in the soil , add up in contact with the susceptible plant . The root of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the husk wilt and die . Leaves near base are involve first . The roots will turn black and rot or break . This kingdom Fungi can be introduce by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove strike plants and their root , and discard surrounding soil . supervene upon with plant that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized grunge mixture . Hold back on fertilise too . Try not to over water plants and check that that soil is well drain prior to found . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained soils . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are make by kingdom Fungi or bacterium . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - edged coming into court . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even hoi polloi can help its bedspread .
Prevention and Control : withdraw infected leaves when the plant is juiceless . Leaves that collect around the radix of the plant should be glance over up and qualify of . debar overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at soil level . For fungous leaf spots , habituate a recommended fungicide according to recording label commission .
pestis : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a condition that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetle , and flies ) that burrow between upper and lower leaf control surface , forget a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A distaff grownup can dwell several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miner . Leaf miners flack ornamentals and veggie .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for tell apart - tale squiggles . nibble and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural enemy such as parasitic wasps . bang the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for control the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label operation to a golf tee . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , do by a fungus , and may get dangerous defoliation , especially in tree , but rarely results in decease . Sunken patches on base , fruit , leaves , or twigs , come along grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore lot that appear gunk - similar . On vegetables , spots may expand as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are hard to control . Isolate infest plant life forth from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden shopping centre professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . advance natural enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell division , spore , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm piss that receive full Sunday and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most unremarkably found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on realm or in drainage ditches . Most detectable in spring , when water system begin to warm up , as a dark-green cast or film on the pond ’s airfoil . On land , alga may appear slimy and dark-green or scum - comparable . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to endeavor for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenating flora per 1 solid foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for C dioxide and nutrients . The second step would be to stop any fertiliser runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food feed to angle . Both overburden water with nutrients , defecate algae problem worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s aerofoil is the third step . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feed on honeydew melon egest from aphids , mealy glitch , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blacken the leaves and stanch of the plant . The secure mode to ensure sooty mold is to assure the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can normally be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or wash away with a hosiery - end nebuliser . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungus kingdom or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or droop of foliage . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( possess more grit , yet still plenty of constitutional issue ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet viable with good drainage . ) The addition of constitutional thing to either Baroness Dudevant or clay will ensue in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin , clay , or loam ? Try this simple test . crush a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , grunge in your hand . If it form a miserly ball and does not fall apart when gently tap with a finger , your soil is more than probable cadaver . If stain does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is moxie to very flaxen loam . If soil forms a ball , then break down promptly when thinly tap , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could signify a cadaver loam . Glossary : TolerantTolerant concern to a plant ’s ability to brook exposure to an external condition(s ) . It does not mean that the plant thrives or prefer this berth , but is able-bodied to adapt and go on its life cycle . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are small than bacterium , are not go and do not replicate on their own . They must bank on the cellular mechanisms of their legion to reduplicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward-bound house of a viral contagion solvent in a works disease with symptoms such as abnormal or scrubby outgrowth , damage yield , discoloration or blot .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thripid under control . These plant eating insect spread viruses . virus can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when cut ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . novel plants should be check , as well as tools and live industrial plant . Use only certified germ that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotate craw , not plant closely related plant in the same field every year . Glossary : Drought TolerantVery few plant , except for those naturally found in desert situations , can put up desiccated soils , but there are plants that seem to be moredrought tolerantthan others . plant that are drought tolerant still require moisture , so do n’t recall that they can go for extended period without any water . Drought tolerant plants are often deep rooted , have waxy or thick leaves that conserve water , or leaf social organization that close to minimize transpiration . All plant in droughty situations benefit from an occasional deep watering and a 2 - 3 in duncical layer of mulch . Drought tolerant plant are the backbone of xeriphytic landscape gardening . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to dress this plant .
