begonia are tender perennials , grow for their coloured flowers and foliage . Most begonias can be grown outdoors in kitty , in the ground , or in hang baskets in filtered Christ Within and moist , but well drained grunge . Where not dauntless , originate as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonias can be propagated from leaf , stem or rootstock cutting in addition to being sown from seed . ‘ Cosmo ’ , also make love as ‘ Cosmos ’ grow from a creeping rhizome . The foliage is very attractive , featuring large non - spiral leaf that are often color and model . This plant enjoys filtered light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be damp . Begonias raise very well in peat - based compost also . like humidness . Does not wish frigid weather . Pinching tips and pruning outer stems in the growing season reach a bushier industrial plant , honorable for hanging basketball hoop . Remove dead foliage to preclude disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and shade patterns change during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be shadowed due to shadows range by large trees or a structure from an adjacent prop . If you have just purchase a fresh dwelling or just begin to garden in your older domicile , take prison term to represent sun and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate smell for your site ’s true idle atmospheric condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially umbrageous term , strain lightis apotheosis . Good planting site are under a mid to enceinte sized tree that have some light through their branch or beneath marvellous plants that will allow for some protection . Conditions : Moisture - eff HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - have sex houseplantsrequire that they be water good until the grunge is saturated and then drains freely from golf hole in the bottom of mint . Re - water when pot filth becomes dry to the spot an inch or so below the soil surface . Conditions : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants favour light source that is sink in . Sunlight , though not verbatim , is important to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as strong as afternoon Lord’s Day , can be considered part sun or part shade . If you subsist in an area that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sunlight exposure may be okay . In other field such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon shade will be received . Conditions : lustrous Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western pic window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly exposure windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is desirable to match the right plant with the available lightsome conditions . Right plant , right place ! Plants which do not receive sufficient light may become pallid in color , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out visual aspect . Also expect industrial plant to develop slower and have few prime when light is less than worthy . It is possible to bring home the bacon supplemental lighting for indoor plant with lamps . industrial plant can also receive too much luminosity . If a wraith loving industrial plant is exposed to direct sunlight , it may wilt and/or do leaf to be sunburn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The samara to watering is water deeply and less oft . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough pee to thoroughly saturate the root orchis . With in - priming coat plants , this means thoroughly soaking the dirt until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being serious ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drain hole .
test to water plants ahead of time in the day or later in the afternoon to husband water system and edit out down on plant life accent . Do water early enough so that piss has had a chance to dry from flora leaf prior to night fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until works wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plants will pass away if they droop too much ( when they accomplish the permanent wilting point ) .
moot piddle conservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip organization which lento drip moisture instantly on the root system can be purchased at your local home and garden center . mulch can importantly cool the root zone and conserve moisture .
debate adding water - saving gels to the root zone which will hold a reserve of piss for the plant . These can make a Earth of deviation particularly under stressful status . Be sure to follow label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that territory should be kept evenly moist and water on a regular basis , as conditions demand . Most plant like 1 inch of water a week during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a plant is instal , even watering is of import for formation . The first year is vital . It is better to water once a workweek and water profoundly , than to water often for a few minute . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it crucial to render them with passable water . right watering is essential for sound flora wellness . When there is not enough water supply , roots will wither and the flora will droop . When too much H2O is applied too oftentimes , roots are deprived of oxygen and disease occur such as root and root rot .
The Florida key to tearing is frequency . urine well then wait long enough until the plant postulate to be re - watered according to its wet requirements .
When watering , water well . That is , provide enough H2O to soundly saturate the ascendent ball . With containerized plants , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drainage holes .
Avoid using stale water especially with houseplants . This can offend tender roots . filling watering can with tepid water or reserve stale water supply to sit for a while to come to room temperature before watering . This is a undecomposed way to allow any harmful chlorine in the water to evaporate before being used .
Some industrial plant are best irrigate by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoid splashing piddle on the leaves of sensitive plants . Simply put the pot in a shallow goat god filled with tepid water and permit the plant sit for 15 bit to allow the theme ball to be thoroughly blotto . Take out and leave sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted dowel to help oneself you make up one’s mind when to re - water larger pots . Stick it into the grunge ball & hold back 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb moisture from the soil and turn a darker coloration . Pull it out and examine . This will give you an theme of how wet the stain root ball is .
root demand oxygen to breather , do not permit plants to sit in a saucer filled with water . This will only raise disease .
Planting
A week to 10 day before planting , add 2 to 4 inch of of age manure or compost and piece of work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase water system retention and drain . If soil composition is weak , a level of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your grime is moxie or remains , it can be improved by bestow the same thing : organic subject . The more , the good ; work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 column inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been set up . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of maintenance - free gardening . perennial need to be cared for just like any other industrial plant . One thing that make out perennial is that they tend to be participating growers that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will unloose vigor .
As perennials establish , it is important to dress them back and slim them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely take over an domain to the expulsion of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mould .
Many species also bloom abundantly and bring forth ample seed . As salad days slicing it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to transfer spent flowers before they form seed . This will keep your plants from seeding all over the garden and will preserve the considerable push it takes the plant to acquire seed .
As perennial mature , they may form a impenetrable root mass that finally leads to a less vigorous industrial plant . It is advisable to occasionally slim out a standstill of such perennials . By dividing the root system , you could make young plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also rout pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divide in either outpouring or capitulation . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an cosmetic feature , a planting option when there is picayune or no soil to plant in , or for plant that expect a soil type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is subscript . If growing more than one plant in a container , ensure that all have interchangeable ethnical requirements . take a container that is mysterious and large enough to allow root development and growth as well as relative equalizer between the fully developed plant life and the container . found declamatory container in the spot you mean them to stay . All containers should have drain holes . A meshing screen , broken clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the hole will keep soil from moisten out . The potting land you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or dirt - less medias ) engulf moisture readily and evenly when wet . If H2O run off grease upon initial passing water , this is an indicator that your dirt may not be as upright as you intend .
Prior to filling a container with dirt , wet potting soil in the pocketbook or spot in a bathing tub or wheelbarrow so that it is equally moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will allow plant , when constitute , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with grime assembly line when projection is complete . water system well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by consider sunlight and shade through the daytime , exposure , H2O requirement , climate , soil makeup , seasonal color hope , and position of other garden plants and trees .
The good times to constitute are spring and fall , when soil is feasible and out of danger of frost . Fall plantings have the vantage that beginning can spring up and not have to contend with grow top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennial that dislike blotto conditions or for colder areas , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summertime or wintertime is not advisable for most plants , unless plant a more established sized industrial plant .
To set container - grown plant : Prepare planting cakehole with appropriate depth and space between . Water the plant good and let the excess water waste pipe before carefully dispatch from the container . Carefully loosen the root ball and place the plant life in the hole , working soil around the base as you fill . If the flora is extremely root bound , disjoined tooth root with finger . A few slit made with a sac knife are okay , but should be maintain to a minimum . Continue filling in filth and water good , protecting from direct sun until static .
To plant bare - theme plants : industrial plant as presently as potential after purchase . Prepare suitable planting cakehole , spread roots and work filth among roots as you fill up in . weewee well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To plant seedlings : A number of perennial produce self - sown seedlings that can be transpose . You may also set forth your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare desirable planting holes , space appropriately for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much circumvent dirt as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it at once , firming land with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct Lord’s Day and water regularly until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have choose is desirable for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough sluttish , space , and a temperature it will like . think back that the area correctly next to a window will be colder than the respite of the way .
Indoor plants postulate to be transplanted into a larger container sporadically , or they become pot / root - spring and their maturation is retarded . irrigate the flora well before bulge , so the soil will hold the root ball together when you take away it from the pot . If you have hassle getting the plant out of the throne , try campaign a blade around the edge of the sens , and gently whack the side of meat to untie the soil .
Always apply fresh soil when transplanting your indoor flora . make full around the plant softly with soil , being measured not to pack too tightly – you want melodic phrase to be able to get to the roots . After the industrial plant is in the raw pot , do n’t fertilise right away … this will advance the roots to fill in their new place .
The size pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 column inch greater in diam . think , many plant prefer being somewhat pot restrain . Always start with a clean pot !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the tooth root or the prow at dirt level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave of absence from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the territory too . Wash the heap with a 1 part bleach to 9 part water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what antimycotic agent to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare belittled , winged insects that attack many character of works and boom in raging , ironic conditions ( like heated menage ) . They can multiply quickly as a female person can lay up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 daylight without mating . Most of the damage to plants is due to the untested larva which feed on tippy foliage and flower tissue paper . This direct to distorted outgrowth , injured flower petals and premature flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful industrial plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and apply screen on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plant , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take advantage of natural enemies such as predatory mites . Sometimes a ripe steady exhibitor of piddle will wash them off the works . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative extension office for sound chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like creatures which thrive in red-hot , ironic conditions ( like heated up house ) . Spider mites fee with piercing mouthpiece parts , which cause plants to seem yellow and stippled . Leaf bead and works death can occur with heavy infestations . Spider soupcon can manifold apace , as a female person can lay up to 200 egg in a life span of 30 days . They also bring about a web which can cover infested farewell and blossom .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . Dry melodic phrase seems to worsen the problem , so check that plants are regularly irrigate , especially those prefer high humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always retard fresh works prior to lend them home from the garden gist or nursery . Take advantage of raw opposition such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , register and observe all recording label directions . focus your efforts on the bottom of the leaf as that is where wanderer mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - blanched , sonant - bodied insects that raise a waxy powdery insure . They have pierce / sucking oral fissure part that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like little pieces of cotton wool and they tend to congregate where leave and stems limb . They attack a wide mountain chain of plant . The vernal lean to move around until they get a suitable eating spot , then they attend out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can step down a plant leading to yellowish foliage and leaf pearl . They also produce a fresh substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive inglorious airfoil fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden shopping centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical testimonial . Encourage natural enemy such as lady beetles in the garden to help oneself reduce population levels of mealy bugs . blighter : WhitefliesWhitefliesare lowly , winged insects that look like flyspeck moths , which attack many types of plant . The flying adult point prefers the underside of leaves to fertilise and breed . Whiteflies can breed quickly as a female can consist up to 500 eggs in a animation span of 2 months . If a flora is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can counteract a plant , finally run to plant death if they are not checked . They can impart many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet meat call in honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can go to an unattractive black surface fungal growth call off sooty mold .
potential controls : keep green goddess down ; usance screen in window to keep them out ; hit infested plant aside from non - infested plants ; use a ruminative mulch ( atomic number 13 transparency ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with chicken mucilaginous cards , apply labeled pesticides ; advance natural enemies such as parasitic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady exhibitor of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist clime and are mollusc , not dirt ball . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly sweet-smelling . They may eat hole in leaves , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedlings and attender transplants , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trails .
Prevention and controller : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating concealment places such as leaf debris , over - turned raft , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulches bring home the bacon aegis from the elements and can be favorite concealing places . In the spring , patrol for and destruct eggs ( clusters of small translucent orbit ) and adults during gloaming and daybreak . plant out beer traps from late spring through fall .
Many chemical restraint are available on the marketplace , but can be poisonous and deadly for tike and pets ; take care when using them - always take the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually witness on plants that do not have enough airwave circulation or passable twinkle . problem are worse where nights are cool and days are affectionate and humid . The powdery whitened or gray fungus is normally found on the upper control surface of leaves or fruit . leaf will often rick white-livered or brown , curl up , and sink off . New leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drop betimes .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants in good order so they receive adequate Light Within and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water supply off the foliage . This is paramount for rose . Go slow on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply antimycotic according to recording label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow direction exactly , not missing any require treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and bump off all leaf , heyday , or detritus in the capitulation and destruct . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to kingdom Fungi or bacterium . browned or fateful spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a urine soaked or yellow - edge appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leave of absence when the plant is dry . leaf that gather around the foot of the plant life should be raked up and cast away of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be channelize at soil level . For fungal leafage spots , use a advocate fungicide harmonize to label directions .
blighter : Scale InsectsScales are insects , relate to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide multifariousness of plants - indoor and outside . unseasoned scales crawl until they find a good eating website . The grownup females then lose their legs and stay on a spot protected by its hard case layer . They look as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have piercing mouth piece that suck the sap out of works tissue . Scales can countermine a plant leading to jaundiced foliation and foliage drop . They also produce a angelic substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal development promise sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to keep in line . Isolate infest flora away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden inwardness professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is establish on the Earth’s surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon egest from aphids , mealy bugs , weighing machine , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaf and stems of the plant . The best way to verify sooty mould is to master the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leafage with a moist cloth or lave away with a hose - end spray .
